Organization
TRI Pointe Group is engaged in the design, construction and sale of innovative single-family attached and detached homes through its portfolio of six quality brands across eight states, including Maracay in Arizona, Pardee Homes in California and Nevada, Quadrant Homes in Washington, Trendmaker Homes in Texas, TRI Pointe Homes in California and Colorado and Winchester Homes in Maryland and Virginia.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), as contained within the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. They should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. In the opinion of management, all adjustments consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation with respect to interim financial statements, have been included. The results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year due to seasonal variations and other factors.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of TRI Pointe Group and its wholly owned subsidiaries, as well as other entities in which TRI Pointe Group has a controlling interest and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in which TRI Pointe Group is the primary beneficiary. The noncontrolling interests as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 represent the outside owners’ interests in the Company’s consolidated entities. All significant intercompany accounts have been eliminated upon consolidation.
Use of Estimates
Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires our management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosures of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from our estimates.
Significant Accounting Policies Update
Revenue Recognition
In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Codified as “ASC 606”). ASC 606 supersedes the revenue-recognition requirements in ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, most industry-specific guidance throughout the industry topics of the accounting standards codification, and some cost guidance related to construction-type and production-type contracts. The core principle of ASC 606 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve that core principle, an entity should apply the following steps: identify the contract(s) with a customer; identify the performance obligations in the contract; determine the transaction price; allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. We have adopted and applied this updated revenue recognition policy as of January 1, 2018. See Adoption of New Accounting Standards below.
The majority of our revenue is related to fixed-price contracts to deliver completed homes to homebuyers, and to a much lesser degree, to deliver land or lots to other homebuilders or real estate developers. We generally deliver completed homes to homebuyers and land and lots to other homebuilders or real estate developers when all closing conditions are met, including the passage of title and the receipt of consideration, and the collection of associated receivables, if any, is reasonably assured. When it is determined that there are uncompleted performance obligations, the transaction price and the related profit for those uncompleted performance obligations are deferred for recognition in future periods based on the principles of ASC 606. The most common examples of uncompleted performance obligations are unfinished pools or outdoor landscaping features that are unable to be completed due to weather or other circumstances.
Following the adoption of ASC 606, the timing of revenue recognition for all of our contracts remained materially consistent with our historical revenue recognition policy due to the nature of our revenue generating activities, with the most common difference under ASC 606 relating to the deferral of revenue due to these uncompleted performance obligations at the time we deliver new homes to our homebuyers.
When we enter into a contract with a homebuyer, we sometimes receive a nonrefundable deposit that is recognized as revenue under circumstances in which a contract is canceled by the homebuyer. These amounts are recognized as home sales revenue at the time a contract is canceled by the homebuyer. We have not experienced significant contract modifications impacting the timing of revenue recognition under ASC 606, nor will we be required to use estimates in the application of the core revenue recognition principles.
Real Estate Inventories and Cost of Sales
ASC 606 includes Subtopic 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs - Contracts with Customers (“Subtopic 340-40”), which requires the deferral of incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. The adoption of Subtopic 340-40 impacts the timing of recognition and classification in our consolidated financial statements of certain sales office, model and other marketing related costs that we incur to obtain sales contracts from our customers. For example, we historically capitalized to inventory and amortized through cost of home sales various sales office, model and other marketing related costs with each home delivered in a community. Under Subtopic 340-40, these costs are expensed when incurred or capitalized to other assets and amortized to selling expense.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Codified as “ASC 842”), which requires an entity to recognize assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for the rights and obligations created by leases with durations of greater than 12 months, but record expenses on the statements of operations in a manner similar to current accounting. The guidance also requires more disclosures about leases in the notes to consolidated financial statements. ASC 842 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018, and, at that time, we will adopt the new standard using a modified retrospective approach. We are continuing to evaluate the impact that the adoption of ASC 842 may have on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures. While the adoption of ASC 842 could have a material impact on our consolidated balance sheet, we do not expect that there will be a material impact to our consolidated statements of operations or cash flows.
In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Accounting for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”), which removes the requirement to perform a hypothetical purchase price allocation to measure goodwill impairment. A goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. ASU 2017-04 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted, and applied prospectively. We do not expect ASU 2017-04 will have a material impact on our financial statements.
Adoption of New Accounting Standards
In August 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”), which provides guidance on how certain cash receipts and cash payments are to be presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. We adopted ASU 2016-15 on January 1, 2018 and our adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective approach applying the method of presenting the standard of ASC 606 to only those contracts not considered completed under legacy GAAP. As a result of this application of ASC 606, no prior period results have been recast and the standard has been applied prospectively as of January 1, 2018. The cumulative effect of the changes made to our consolidated January 1, 2018 balance sheet resulting from the adoption of ASC 606 was as follows (in thousands):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Balance at December 31, 2017 | | Adjustments due to ASC 606 | | Balance at January 1, 2018 |
Assets | | | | | | |
Real estate inventories | | $ | 3,105,553 |
| | $ | (49,317 | ) | | $ | 3,056,236 |
|
Deferred income tax asset | | 76,413 |
| | 2,429 |
| | 78,842 |
|
Other assets | | 48,070 |
| | 39,534 |
| | 87,604 |
|
Equity | | | | | | |
Retained earnings | | 1,134,230 |
| | (7,354 | ) | | 1,126,876 |
|
Our cumulative adjustment to retained earnings on January 1, 2018 related primarily to the impact of Subtopic 340-40 and the timing of recognition and classification in our consolidated financial statements of certain sales office, model and other marketing related costs that we incur to obtain sales contracts from our customers. See Significant Accounting Policies Update above.
In accordance with ASC 606 disclosure requirements, the impact of adopting ASC 606 on our consolidated statements of operations and balance sheets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 were as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 | | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 |
| As Reported | | Balances Without Adoption of ASC 606 | | Effect of Change Higher/(Lower) | | As Reported | | Balances Without Adoption of ASC 606 | | Effect of Change Higher/(Lower) |
Statements of Operations | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | |
Home sales | $ | 771,768 |
| | $ | 771,784 |
| | $ | (16 | ) | | $ | 2,123,135 |
| | $ | 2,123,387 |
| | $ | (252 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Costs and expenses | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cost of home sales | 607,053 |
| | 617,483 |
| | (10,430 | ) | | 1,661,651 |
| | 1,689,324 |
| | (27,673 | ) |
Sales and marketing | 44,854 |
| | 38,506 |
| | 6,348 |
| | 128,881 |
| | 109,346 |
| | 19,535 |
|
Provision for income taxes | (19,661 | ) | | (18,683 | ) | | 978 |
| | (55,457 | ) | | (53,518 | ) | | 1,939 |
|
Net income | 63,969 |
| | 60,881 |
| | 3,088 |
| | 170,529 |
| | 164,582 |
| | 5,947 |
|
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 0.43 |
| | $ | 0.41 |
| | $ | 0.02 |
| | $ | 1.13 |
| | $ | 1.09 |
| | $ | 0.04 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of September 30, 2018 | | | | | | |
| As Reported | | Balances Without Adoption of ASC 606 | | Effect of Change Higher/(Lower) | | | | | | |
Balance Sheet | | | | | | | | | | | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | |
Real estate inventories | $ | 3,377,735 |
| | $ | 3,424,468 |
| | $ | (46,733 | ) | | | | | | |
Deferred tax assets, net | 59,113 |
| | 54,750 |
| | 4,363 |
| | | | | | |
Other assets | 107,309 |
| | 63,874 |
| | 43,435 |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 313,194 |
| | 313,442 |
| | (248 | ) | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity | | | | | | | | | | | |
Retained earnings | 1,297,405 |
| | 1,296,092 |
| | 1,313 |
| | | | | | |
Contracts with Customers
In consideration of the appropriate revenue recognition for our contracts with customers, we first assessed our ordinary operations in order to capture all revenue transactions with a counter-party appropriately considered a customer. Historically, our ordinary homebuilding revenue generating activities have included contracts with homebuyers to deliver completed homes and to a much lesser extent, contracts with other homebuilders or real estate developers to deliver land or lots in exchange for consideration. The majority of our homebuilding contracts with customers typically include a single performance obligation, which is the transfer of control of the real estate property when all closing conditions are met.
In addition to our core homebuilding operations, we undertake service operations with customers in the form of our financial services reportable segment (“TRI Pointe Solutions”), which is comprised of our mortgage financing operations, title services operations and property and casualty insurance agency operations. Our mortgage financing operation (“TRI Pointe Connect”) can act as a preferred mortgage broker to our homebuyers in all of the markets in which we operate. TRI Pointe Connect was formed as a joint venture with an established mortgage lender and is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Our title services operation (“TRI Pointe Assurance”) provides title examinations for our homebuyers in Texas, Maryland and Virginia. TRI Pointe Assurance is a wholly owned subsidiary of TRI Pointe and acts as a title agency for First American Title Insurance Company. Our property and casualty insurance agency operations (“TRI Pointe Advantage”) is a wholly owned subsidiary of TRI Pointe that provides property and casualty insurance agency services that help facilitate the closing process in all of the markets in which we operate.
We do not currently have any long-term contracts with customers. ASC 606 provides certain practical expedients that limit some of the accounting treatments and disclosure requirements existing under this accounting standard. We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less.
Disaggregation of Revenues
We generate revenues from a mix of homebuilding operations and financial services operations. Due to the nature of our revenue generating activities, the disaggregated revenue reported on our consolidated statement of operations, in conjunction with the revenues reported in our segment disclosure, is deemed sufficient to report revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with the disaggregation disclosure requirements of ASC 606. We report total revenues in Note 2, Segment Information, which is fully comprised of our revenues from contracts with customers. While the total homebuilding revenues by segment include a mix of home sales revenue, land and lot sales revenue and other operations revenue, all material revenue amounts outside of home sales revenue are attributed to their respective homebuilding segments in the discussion below. Our consideration of disaggregated revenue consisted of a variety of facts and circumstances pertaining to our contracts with customers. These considerations included the nature, amounts, timing and other characteristics and economic factors present within each revenue line item appearing on our consolidated statement of operations. See below for further commentary regarding each of our revenue streams from contracts with customers.
Home sales revenue
We generate the majority of our total revenue from home sales, which consists of our core business operation of building and delivering completed homes to homebuyers. Included in home sales revenue are forfeited deposits, which occur when homebuyers cancel home purchase contracts that include a nonrefundable deposit. Both revenue from forfeited deposits and deferred revenue resulting from uncompleted performance obligations existing at the time we deliver new homes to our homebuyers is immaterial.
Land and lot sales revenue
Historically, we have generated land and lot sales revenue from a small number of transactions, although in some years we have realized a significant amount of revenue and gross margin. We do not expect our future land and lot sales revenue to be material, but we still consider these sales to be an ordinary part of our business, thus meeting the definition of contracts with customers. Similar to our home sales, revenue from land and lot sales is typically fully recognized when the land and lot sales transactions are consummated, at which time no further performance obligations are left to be satisfied. Some of our historical land and lot sales have included future profit participation rights. We will recognize future land and lot sales revenue in the periods in which all closing conditions are met, subject to the constraint on variable consideration related to profit participation rights, if such rights exist in the sales contract.
Other operations revenue
The majority of our other homebuilding operations revenue relates to a ground lease at our Quadrant Homes reporting segment. We are responsible for making lease payments to the land owner, and we collect sublease payments from the buyers of the buildings. This ground lease is accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 840, Leases. We do not recognize a material profit on this ground lease.
Financial services revenues
TRI Pointe Solutions is a reportable segment and is comprised of our TRI Pointe Connect mortgage financing operations, TRI Pointe Assurance title services operations, and TRI Pointe Advantage property and casualty insurance agency operations.
Mortgage financing operations
TRI Pointe Connect was formed as a joint venture with an established mortgage lender and is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Based on our percentage stake in this joint venture, we record a percentage of income earned by TRI Pointe Connect. Revenue by TRI Pointe Connect is recognized in the period in which the home sales transactions are consummated. TRI Pointe Connect does not have a history of uncollectable amounts from these operations. TRI Pointe Connect activity appears as equity in income of unconsolidated entities under the Financial Services section of our consolidated statements of operations.
Title services operations
TRI Pointe Assurance provides title examinations for our homebuyers in Texas, Maryland and Virginia. TRI Pointe Assurance is a wholly owned subsidiary of TRI Pointe and acts as a title agency for First American Title Insurance Company. At the time of the consummation of the home sales transactions, we recognize a percentage of revenue captured by First American Title Insurance Company. We do not have a history of uncollectable amounts from these operations. TRI Pointe Assurance revenue is included in the Financial Services section of our consolidated statements of operations.
Property and casualty insurance agency operations
TRI Pointe Advantage is a wholly owned subsidiary of TRI Pointe and provides property and casualty insurance agency services that help facilitate the closing process in all of the markets in which we operate. These operations began in February, 2018 and have not generated a material amount of revenue. We expect revenue from these operations to increase as customers use these services to procure homeowners insurance, with further revenue potential as customers renew their insurance coverages beyond the initial coverage periods. The total consideration for these services, including renewal options, is estimated upon the issuance of the initial insurance policy, subject to constraint. TRI Pointe Advantage revenue is included in the Financial Services section of our consolidated statements of operations.
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